This page summarises publicly available NHS information for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
What is bladder stones?
Bladder stones are hard lumps of minerals that form in the bladder when urine becomes concentrated. They're more common in men over 50 and often linked to problems emptying the bladder fully. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, pain when peeing, cloudy or bloody urine, and frequent or urgent need to pee. Most bladder stones need to be removed by a urologist.
When NHS resources suggest seeing a GP
- You have pain in your lower tummy, that's not getting better.
- You have pain when you pee.
- You need to pee more often than usual.
- You're having difficulty peeing.
- You have a very high or low temperature, feel hot or cold, or are shivery.
- You have blood in your pee – your pee may look bright pink, red or dark brown.
Self-care information from NHS
- If you’ve had bladder stones, there is a risk they may come back.
- Drink plenty of fluids.
- Pee when you need to go – do not hold on or wait to pee.
- If you feel like you still need to pee after peeing, try again 10 to 20 seconds afterwards.
- Eat a healthy balanced diet, including plenty of fruit and vegetables, to avoid constipation.
- Page last reviewed: 26 February 2026 Next review due: 26 February 2029.
Common questions
How are bladder stones treated?
Small stones may pass naturally with plenty of fluids. Larger stones usually need to be broken up and removed, often by cystolitholapaxy — a thin telescope passed into the bladder to crush the stone. Surgery may be needed for very large stones.
What causes bladder stones?
Bladder stones often form when the bladder doesn't empty fully, allowing urine to stagnate. This is common with enlarged prostate, weak bladder muscles, nerve damage, or long-term catheters. Dehydration and urinary infections also play a role.
Can bladder stones come back?
Yes — if the underlying cause isn't treated (like an enlarged prostate), new stones can form. Treating the cause, staying well-hydrated, and following up with a urologist reduces the risk of recurrence.
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This page is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation. NorMed organises publicly available NHS information and is not affiliated with the NHS.