NHS information · Chest

Worried about pneumonia?

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This page summarises publicly available NHS information for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

What is pneumonia?

Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs, usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Symptoms include cough (sometimes with green or yellow phlegm, occasionally blood), fever, rapid breathing, chest pain when breathing, and feeling very unwell. Bacterial pneumonia needs antibiotics; severe cases need hospital care. Older adults, young children, and those with chronic health conditions are at higher risk.

When NHS resources suggest seeing a GP

  • You've had a cough for 3 weeks or more.
  • You're coughing up blood.
  • You have chest pain that comes and goes, or happens when breathing or coughing.
  • You're feeling short of breath.
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Self-care information from NHS

  • There are some things you can do to help with recovery from pneumonia and reduce the risk of spreading it to other people.
  • Rest until you feel better – try to stay at home and avoid contact with other people if you have a high temperature or do not feel well enough to do normal activities.
  • Drink plenty of fluids.
  • Take paracetamol or ibuprofen to help with pain or a high temperature.
  • Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
  • Put used tissues in the bin as quickly as possible.
  • Wash your hands regularly with water and soap.
  • Do not take cough medicine – coughing helps your body get rid of the infection.

Common questions

How do I know if I have pneumonia?

Symptoms include persistent cough, fever, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, chest pain that's worse when breathing, and feeling very unwell. A GP can diagnose pneumonia based on listening to the chest and may arrange a chest X-ray.

When is pneumonia an emergency?

Call 999 or go to A&E if you have severe breathing difficulty, your lips or fingertips look blue, you cough up a lot of blood, you're very confused, or you can't drink fluids. Pneumonia can rapidly become life-threatening, especially in vulnerable people.

How long does pneumonia take to recover from?

With antibiotics, many people feel better within a week, but full recovery — especially energy and stamina — can take 4 to 6 weeks. Some people, especially older adults or those with other health conditions, take longer. Rest and gradual return to activity help.

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This page is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation. NorMed organises publicly available NHS information and is not affiliated with the NHS.