NHS information · Pelvis

Worried about pelvic inflammatory disease?

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This page summarises publicly available NHS information for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive system, usually caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia and gonorrhoea, but can also be caused by other bacteria. Not everyone with PID has symptoms, but when they occur they may include pain in the area between the tummy and thighs, pain during sex, heavy or painful periods, bleeding between periods or after sex, and unusual vaginal discharge. PID needs prompt treatment with antibiotics to prevent long-term complications.

When NHS resources suggest seeing a GP

  • You think you have symptoms of PID
  • You have pelvic pain that comes and goes
  • You have unusual vaginal discharge, especially with a strong smell
  • You have pain during sex or bleeding between periods
  • You have symptoms of PID and are pregnant or may be pregnant
  • You have been diagnosed with PID and do not feel better after 3 days of antibiotics
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Self-care information from NHS

  • Complete the full course of antibiotics, even if you feel better
  • Take paracetamol or ibuprofen to ease pain and reduce fever
  • Avoid sex until you and your partner(s) have finished treatment
  • Inform recent sexual partners so they can be tested and treated
  • Rest and drink plenty of fluids during recovery
  • Attend any follow-up appointments — PID needs to be fully cleared

Common questions

What causes PID?

PID is usually caused by sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia or gonorrhoea spreading from the vagina and cervix up into the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. It can also be caused by other bacteria, sometimes after childbirth or a procedure.

Can PID be cured?

Yes. PID can usually be cured with a course of antibiotics, often taking around 2 weeks. However, if PID is not treated quickly, it can cause scarring that leads to long-term complications like infertility or chronic pelvic pain.

Does PID affect fertility?

Untreated or repeated PID can damage the fallopian tubes and cause scarring, which can make it harder to get pregnant and increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Prompt treatment greatly reduces this risk.

Is PID always caused by an STI?

Most PID is caused by STIs, but not all. Bacteria normally present in the vagina can sometimes cause PID, particularly after childbirth, miscarriage, abortion, or some gynaecological procedures.

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This page is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation. NorMed organises publicly available NHS information and is not affiliated with the NHS.